Charles is a molecular epidemiologist with a strong interest in providing a deeper understanding of the transmission behaviour of viruses and their evolutionary dynamics in low-income settings. He trained as a Biochemist (University of Nairobi), and later earned an MSc, then PhD, in Virus Molecular Epidemiology (Open University). Currently, he leads a research group within the KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme which analyzes the molecular epidemiology and evolution dynamics of a number of viruses that cause respiratory and intestinal infections in humans. The team conducts field studies and laboratory (genomic and immunologic) characterization of infections and analyses the results through bioinformatic, statistical and mathematical modelling approaches in order to gain a better understanding of host-pathogen interactions and pathways of infection dissemination. There are several viruses of interest to the laboratory, including respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, adenoviruses, rotavirus and Coronavirus. Previous research roles 1) A Mid-Career Research Fellow supported by the Initiative to Develop African Research Leaders (IDeAL) studying the genomics of viral diarrhea in Kenya prior to and following the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine. 2) Postdoctoral Scientist/Lead Bioinformatician for the SPReD studies (Studying the Pathways of Respiratory Virus Diseases)