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Researcher
Prof. David Gathara
Principal Investigator
KEMRI | Wellcome Trust
Publications (90)
A complete list of publications by Prof. David Gathara. Use the filters to refine by year, journal or keyword.
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2026
Co-design of the Implementation Toolkit for Small and Sick Newborn Care: a global open-access knowledge management web platform and linked community targeting the know-do gap
Allison, L. E. Sipalo, M. Whatley, T. Griffiths, et al.
BMC Pediatr. 2026; 26
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2026
To adopt or adapt an existing COS for neonatal research: qualitative study
Karumbi, J. Gathara, D. Williamson, P. Young, et al.
Trials. 2026; 27
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2026
Cost of health systems strengthening for small and sick newborn care in four sub-Saharan African countries implemented with NEST360: incremental cost analyses
Tarus, A. Kumar, M. B. Penzias, R. E. Kamuyu, et al.
Lancet Glob Health. 2026; 14:103928
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2024
Engaging stakeholders in embedded newborn health services/systems research in Kenya; a continuous process involving multiple actors
Karumba, K. Oluoch, D. Mutua, E. Gathara, et al.
NIHR Open Res. 2024; 4:73
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2025
Small and sick newborn care: Changes in service readiness scoring between baseline and 2023 for 65 neonatal units implementing with NEST360 in Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, and Tanzania
Penzias, R. E. Ogero, M. O. Tillya, R. Kassim, et al.
PLOS Glob Public Health. 2025; 5:e0004367
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2025
The reality of neonatal nursing work in Kenya and implications for quality and safety: Direct observation of tasks and time utilisation
Onyango, O. Kagonya, V. A. Maina, M. Karumba, et al.
Int J Nurs Stud. 2025; 172:105204
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2025
Nurses experiences with an intervention enhancing skill-mix in Kenyan neonatal units with severe workforce deficits: A qualitative study
Odinga, N. Waithira, C. Maluni, J. Ngaiza, et al.
Int J Nurs Stud. 2025; 171:105202
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2025
Strengthening neonatal care through ward assistants: a Kenyan case study in enhancing infection prevention and control practices
Maina, M. Odinga, N. Kagonya, V. Ngaiza, et al.
Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2025; 14:61
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2025
Applying a multi-layered, mixed methods approach to evaluate technology and workforce interventions in Kenyan neonatal units
Maina, M. Molyneux, S. Were, F. Oluoch, et al.
Glob Health Action. 2025; 18:2558267
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2025
Implementation of a task-shifting and task sharing intervention: A case of ward assistants in Kenyan neonatal units
Kagonya, V. A. Odinga, N. Onyango, O. Waithira, et al.
Int J Nurs Stud. 2025; 171:105176
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2025
Co-design and implementation of nursing handover improvement tool in Kenyan newborn units: a pilot study
Jepkosgei, J. Gathara, D. Mbuthia, D. Wanyama, et al.
BMC Nurs. 2025; 24:1329
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2025
Developing context-sensitive, comprehensive newborn care protocols: integrating technologies with clinical care pathways for level 2 newborn units in Kenya
Irimu, G. Gicheha, E. Musa, F. Waiyego, et al.
J Glob Health. 2025; 15:04271
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2025
Delivery of care in high mortality hospital settings: a direct observational study examining 1848 h of neonatal nursing in Kenya
Imam, A. Maina, M. Aluvaala, J. Kagonya, et al.
EClinicalMedicine. 2025; 87:103434
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2025
Evaluating the effects of increasing nursing numbers on quality of newborn care in understaffed neonatal units in Kenya: a prospective intervention study
Imam, A. English, M. Aluvaala, J. Kagonya, et al.
BMJ Qual Saf. 2025
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2025
Burden, causes, and treatment approaches of recurrent pregnancy loss: a scoping review
Bosire, A. Kosgei, R. Gathara, D. Madadi, et al.
Pan Afr Med J. 2025; 52:109
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2024
Conducting cross-cultural, multi-lingual or multi-country scale development and validation in health care research: A 10-step framework based on a scoping review
Zhao, Y. Summers, R. Gathara, D. English, et al.
J Glob Health. 2024; 14:04151
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2024
Health facility assessment of small and sick newborn care in low- and middle-income countries: systematic tool development and operationalisation with NEST360 and UNICEF
Penzias, R. E. Bohne, C. Ngwala, S. K. Zimba, et al.
BMC Pediatr. 2024; 23:655
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2024
Quantifying health facility service readiness for small and sick newborn care: comparing standards-based and WHO level-2 + scoring for 64 hospitals implementing with NEST360 in Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, and Tanzania
Penzias, R. E. Bohne, C. Gicheha, E. Molyneux, et al.
BMC Pediatr. 2024; 23:656
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2024
Public service motivation, public sector preference and employment of Kenyan medical doctor interns: a cross-sectional and prospective study
Mbuthia, D. Zhao, Y. Gathara, D. Nicodemo, et al.
Hum Resour Health. 2024; 22:61
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2024
COVID-19 pandemic effects on neonatal inpatient admissions and mortality: interrupted time series analysis of facilities implementing NEST360 in Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, and Tanzania
Malla, L. Ohuma, E. O. Shabani, J. Ngwala, et al.
BMC Pediatr. 2024; 23:657
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2024
Experiences of core outcome set developers on including stakeholders from low- and middle-income countries: An online survey
Karumbi, J. Gorst, S. Gathara, D. Young, et al.
PLOS Glob Public Health. 2024; 4:e0003365
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2024
Engaging stakeholders in embedded newborn health services/systems research in Kenya; a continuous process involving multiple actors
Karumba, K. Oluoch, D. Mutua, E. Gathara, et al.
NIHR Open Res. 2024; 4:73
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2023
Examining the absorption of post-internship medical officers into the public sector at county-level in devolved Kenya: a qualitative case study
Zhao, Y. Mbuthia, D. Munywoki, J. Gathara, et al.
BMC Health Serv Res. 2023; 23:875
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2023
Correction: Examining the absorption of post-internship medical officers into the public sector at county-level in devolved Kenya: a qualitative case study
Zhao, Y. Mbuthia, D. Munywoki, J. Gathara, et al.
BMC Health Serv Res. 2023; 23:952
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2023
'We were treated like we are nobody': a mixed-methods study of medical doctors' internship experiences in Kenya and Uganda
Zhao, Y. Mbuthia, D. Gathara, D. Nzinga, et al.
BMJ Glob Health. 2023; 8
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2023
How do foundation year and internship experience shape doctors' career intentions and decisions? A meta-ethnography
Zhao, Y. Mbuthia, D. Blacklock, C. Gathara, et al.
Med Teach. 2023; 45:97-110
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2023
The influence of internship training experience on Kenyan and Ugandan doctors' career intentions and decisions: a qualitative study
Zhao, Y. Mbuthia, D. Ankomisyani, D. S. Blacklock, et al.
Glob Health Action. 2023; 16:2272390
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2023
Development and validation of a new measurement instrument to assess internship experience of medical doctors in low-income and middle-income countries
Zhao, Y. Jalloh, S. Lam, P. K. Kwarshak, et al.
BMJ Glob Health. 2023; 8
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2023
Protecting small and sick newborn care in the COVID-19 pandemic: multi-stakeholder qualitative data from four African countries with NEST360
Steege, R. Mwaniki, H. Ogueji, I. A. Baraka, et al.
BMC Pediatr. 2023; 23:572
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2023
Exploring the complex realities of nursing work in Kenya and how this shapes role enactment and practice-A qualitative study
Mbuthia, D. Brownie, S. Jackson, D. McGivern, et al.
Nurs Open. 2023; 10:5670-5681
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2023
Awareness and experiences on core outcome set development and use amongst stakeholders from low- and middle- income countries: An online survey
Karumbi, J. Gorst, S. Gathara, D. Young, et al.
PLOS Glob Public Health. 2023; 3:e0002574
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2023
To adopt or adapt an existing neonatal core outcome set in Kenya: a study protocol
Karumbi, J. Gathara, D. Young, B. Williamson, et al.
Trials. 2023; 24:806
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2023
Characterising support and care assistants in formal hospital settings: a scoping review
Kagonya, V. A. Onyango, O. O. Maina, M. Gathara, et al.
Hum Resour Health. 2023; 21:90
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2023
Missed nursing care in acute care hospital settings in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review
Imam, A. Obiesie, S. Gathara, D. Aluvaala, et al.
Hum Resour Health. 2023; 21:19
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2023
Neonatal inpatient dataset for small and sick newborn care in low- and middle-income countries: systematic development and multi-country operationalisation with NEST360
Cross, J. H. Bohne, C. Ngwala, S. K. Shabani, et al.
BMC Pediatr. 2023; 23:567
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2022
Characterising Kenyan hospitals' suitability for medical officer internship training: a secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional study
Zhao, Y. Osano, B. Were, F. Kiarie, et al.
BMJ Open. 2022; 12:e056426
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2022
Nurse staffing and patient care outcomes: protocol for an umbrella review to identify evidence gaps for low and middle-income countries in global literature
Imam, A. Obiesie, S. Aluvaala, J. Maina, et al.
Wellcome Open Res. 2022; 6:363
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2022
Missed nursing care in acute care hospital settings in low-middle income countries: a systematic review protocol
Imam, A. Obiesie, S. Aluvaala, J. Maina, et al.
Wellcome Open Res. 2022; 6:359
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2022
Identifying gaps in global evidence for nurse staffing and patient care outcomes research in low/middle-income countries: an umbrella review
Imam, A. Obiesie, S. Aluvaala, J. Maina, et al.
BMJ Open. 2022; 12:e064050
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2022
Evaluating the effects of supplementing ward nurses on quality of newborn care in Kenyan neonatal units: protocol for a prospective workforce intervention study
Imam, A. Gathara, D. Aluvaala, J. Maina, et al.
BMC Health Serv Res. 2022; 22:1230
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2021
Tools for measuring medical internship experience: a scoping review
Zhao, Y. Musitia, P. Boga, M. Gathara, et al.
Hum Resour Health. 2021; 19:10
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2021
Task-sharing to support paediatric and child health service delivery in low- and middle-income countries: current practice and a scoping review of emerging opportunities
Zhao, Y. Hagel, C. Tweheyo, R. Sirili, et al.
Hum Resour Health. 2021; 19:95
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2021
How to do no harm: empowering local leaders to make care safer in low-resource settings
Vincent, C. A. Mboga, M. Gathara, D. Were, et al.
Arch Dis Child. 2021; 106:333-337
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2021
Small and sick newborn care during the COVID-19 pandemic: global survey and thematic analysis of healthcare providers' voices and experiences
Rao, S. P. N. Minckas, N. Medvedev, M. M. Gathara, et al.
BMJ Glob Health. 2021; 6
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2021
Prevalence and fluid management of dehydration in children without diarrhoea admitted to Kenyan hospitals: a multisite observational study
Omoke, S. English, M. Aluvaala, J. Gathara, et al.
BMJ Open. 2021; 11:e042079
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2021
Value of stakeholder engagement in improving newborn care in Kenya: a qualitative description of perspectives and lessons learned
Nzinga, J. Jones, C. Gathara, D. English, et al.
BMJ Open. 2021; 11:e045123
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2021
Inclusion of participants from low-income and middle-income countries in core outcome sets development: a systematic review
Karumbi, J. Gorst, S. L. Gathara, D. Gargon, et al.
BMJ Open. 2021; 11:e049981
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2021
Neonatal mortality in Kenyan hospitals: a multisite, retrospective, cohort study
Irimu, G. Aluvaala, J. Malla, L. Omoke, et al.
BMJ Glob Health. 2021; 6
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2021
Employing learning health system principles to advance research on severe neonatal and paediatric illness in Kenya
English, M. Irimu, G. Akech, S. Aluvaala, et al.
BMJ Glob Health. 2021; 6
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2020
Informal task-sharing practices in inpatient newborn settings in a low-income setting-A task analysis approach
Omondi, G. B. Murphy, G. A. V. Jackson, D. Brownie, et al.
Nurs Open. 2020; 7:869-878
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2020
Developing metrics for nursing quality of care for low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review linked to stakeholder engagement
Gathara, D. Zosi, M. Serem, G. Nzinga, et al.
Hum Resour Health. 2020; 18:34
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2020
Missed nursing care in newborn units: a cross-sectional direct observational study
Gathara, D. Serem, G. Murphy, G. A. V. Obengo, et al.
BMJ Qual Saf. 2020; 29:19-30
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2020
Are health care assistants part of the long-term solution to the nursing workforce deficit in Kenya?
Fitzgerald, L. Gathara, D. McKnight, J. Nzinga, et al.
Hum Resour Health. 2020; 18:79
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2020
Programme theory and linked intervention strategy for large-scale change to improve hospital care in a low and middle-income country - A Study Pre-Protocol
English, M. Nzinga, J. Irimu, G. Gathara, et al.
Wellcome Open Res. 2020; 5:265
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2020
Lessons from a Health Policy and Systems Research programme exploring the quality and coverage of newborn care in Kenya
English, M. Gathara, D. Nzinga, J. Kumar, et al.
BMJ Glob Health. 2020; 5:e001937
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2020
Variation in competent and respectful delivery care in Kenya and Malawi: a retrospective analysis of national facility surveys
Arsenault, C. English, M. Gathara, D. Malata, et al.
Trop Med Int Health. 2020; 25:442-453
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2019
Effective coverage and budget implications of skill-mix change to improve neonatal nursing care: an explorative simulation study in Kenya
Tsiachristas, A. Gathara, D. Aluvaala, J. Chege, et al.
BMJ Glob Health. 2019; 4:e001817
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2019
Diagnostic practices and estimated burden of tuberculosis among children admitted to 13 government hospitals in Kenya: An analysis of two years' routine clinical data
Oliwa, J. N. Gathara, D. Ogero, M. van Hensbroek, et al.
PLoS One. 2019; 14:e0221145
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2019
Nursing knowledge of essential maternal and newborn care in a high-mortality urban African setting: A cross-sectional study
Murphy, G. A. V. Gathara, D. Mwaniki, A. Nabea, et al.
J Clin Nurs. 2019; 28:882-893
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2019
Risk factors for death among children aged 5-14 years hospitalised with pneumonia: a retrospective cohort study in Kenya
Macpherson, L. Ogero, M. Akech, S. Aluvaala, et al.
BMJ Glob Health. 2019; 4:e001715
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2019
Developing recommendations for neonatal inpatient care service categories: reflections from the research, policy and practice interface in Kenya
Keene, C. M. Aluvaala, J. Murphy, G. A. V. Abuya, et al.
BMJ Glob Health. 2019; 4:e001195
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2018
Neonatal nasogastric tube feeding in a low-resource African setting - using ergonomics methods to explore quality and safety issues in task sharing
Omondi, G. B. Serem, G. Abuya, N. Gathara, et al.
BMC Nurs. 2018; 17:46
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2018
Variability in distribution and use of tuberculosis diagnostic tests in Kenya: a cross-sectional survey
Oliwa, J. N. Maina, J. Ayieko, P. Gathara, et al.
BMC Infect Dis. 2018; 18:328
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2018
Expectations for nursing care in newborn units in Kenya: moving from implicit to explicit standards
Murphy, G. A. V. Omondi, G. B. Gathara, D. Abuya, et al.
BMJ Glob Health. 2018; 3:e000645
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2018
Effective coverage of essential inpatient care for small and sick newborns in a high mortality urban setting: a cross-sectional study in Nairobi City County, Kenya
Murphy, G. A. V. Gathara, D. Mwachiro, J. Abuya, et al.
BMC Med. 2018; 16:72
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2018
What capacity exists to provide essential inpatient care to small and sick newborns in a high mortality urban setting? - A cross-sectional study in Nairobi City County, Kenya
Murphy, G. A. V. Gathara, D. Abuya, N. Mwachiro, et al.
PLoS One. 2018; 13:e0196585
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2018
Tackling health professionals' strikes: an essential part of health system strengthening in Kenya
Irimu, G. Ogero, M. Mbevi, G. Kariuki, et al.
BMJ Glob Health. 2018; 3:e001136
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2018
Quantifying nursing care delivered in Kenyan newborn units: protocol for a cross-sectional direct observational study
Gathara, D. Serem, G. Murphy, G. A. V. Abuya, et al.
BMJ Open. 2018; 8:e022020
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2018
Hospital Mortality - a neglected but rich source of information supporting the transition to higher quality health systems in low and middle income countries
English, M. Mwaniki, P. Julius, T. Chepkirui, et al.
BMC Med. 2018; 16:32
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2018
Risk factors for mortality and effect of correct fluid prescription in children with diarrhoea and dehydration without severe acute malnutrition admitted to Kenyan hospitals: an observational, association study
Akech, S. Ayieko, P. Gathara, D. Agweyu, et al.
Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2018; 2:516-524
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2018
Comparable outcomes among trial and nontrial participants in a clinical trial of antibiotics for childhood pneumonia: a retrospective cohort study
Agweyu, A. Oliwa, J. Gathara, D. Muinga, et al.
J Clin Epidemiol. 2018; 94:1-7
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2017
Estimating the need for inpatient neonatal services: an iterative approach employing evidence and expert consensus to guide local policy in Kenya
Murphy, G. A. V. Waters, D. Ouma, P. O. Gathara, et al.
BMJ Glob Health. 2017; 2:e000472
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2017
A hidden burden of neonatal illness? A cross-sectional study of all admissions aged less than one month across twelve Kenyan County hospitals
Murphy, G. A. V. Nyakangi, V. N. Gathara, D. Ogero, et al.
Wellcome Open Res. 2017; 2:119
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2017
Variation in and risk factors for paediatric inpatient all-cause mortality in a low income setting: data from an emerging clinical information network
Gathara, D. Malla, L. Ayieko, P. Karuri, et al.
BMC Pediatr. 2017; 17:99
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2017
Does audit and feedback improve the adoption of recommended practices? Evidence from a longitudinal observational study of an emerging clinical network in Kenya
Gachau, S. Ayieko, P. Gathara, D. Mwaniki, et al.
BMJ Glob Health. 2017; 2:e000468
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2016
Innovating to enhance clinical data management using non-commercial and open source solutions across a multi-center network supporting inpatient pediatric care and research in Kenya
Tuti, T. Bitok, M. Paton, C. Makone, et al.
J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2016; 23:184-92
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2016
Improving documentation of clinical care within a clinical information network: an essential initial step in efforts to understand and improve care in Kenyan hospitals
Tuti, T. Bitok, M. Malla, L. Paton, et al.
BMJ Glob Health. 2016; 1:e000028
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2016
Nairobi Newborn Study: a protocol for an observational study to estimate the gaps in provision and quality of inpatient newborn care in Nairobi City County, Kenya
Murphy, G. A. Gathara, D. Aluvaala, J. Mwachiro, et al.
BMJ Open. 2016; 6:e012448
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2016
Building Learning Health Systems to Accelerate Research and Improve Outcomes of Clinical Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
English, M. Irimu, G. Agweyu, A. Gathara, et al.
PLoS Med. 2016; 13:e1001991
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2015
Moving towards routine evaluation of quality of inpatient pediatric care in Kenya
Gathara, D. Nyamai, R. Were, F. Mogoa, et al.
PLoS One. 2015; 10:e0117048
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2015
Exploring sources of variability in adherence to guidelines across hospitals in low-income settings: a multi-level analysis of a cross-sectional survey of 22 hospitals
Gathara, D. English, M. van Hensbroek, M. B. Todd, et al.
Implement Sci. 2015; 10:60
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2015
Assessment of neonatal care in clinical training facilities in Kenya
Aluvaala, J. Nyamai, R. Were, F. Wasunna, et al.
Arch Dis Child. 2015; 100:42-7
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2015
Oral amoxicillin versus benzyl penicillin for severe pneumonia among kenyan children: a pragmatic randomized controlled noninferiority trial
Agweyu, A. Gathara, D. Oliwa, J. Muinga, et al.
Clin Infect Dis. 2015; 60:1216-24
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2014
Assessing the ability of health information systems in hospitals to support evidence-informed decisions in Kenya
Kihuba, E. Gathara, D. Mwinga, S. Mulaku, et al.
Glob Health Action. 2014; 7:24859
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2014
Explaining the uptake of paediatric guidelines in a Kenyan tertiary hospital--mixed methods research
Irimu, G. W. Greene, A. Gathara, D. Kihara, et al.
BMC Health Serv Res. 2014; 14:119
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2014
Factors influencing performance of health workers in the management of seriously sick children at a Kenyan tertiary hospital--participatory action research
Irimu, G. W. Greene, A. Gathara, D. Kihara, et al.
BMC Health Serv Res. 2014; 14:59
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2014
Adoption of recommended practices and basic technologies in a low-income setting
English, M. Gathara, D. Mwinga, S. Ayieko, et al.
Arch Dis Child. 2014; 99:452-6
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2013
Hospital outcomes for paediatric pneumonia and diarrhoea patients admitted in a tertiary hospital on weekdays versus weekends: a retrospective study
Gathara, D. Irimu, G. Kihara, H. Maina, et al.
BMC Pediatr. 2013; 13:74
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2012
Performance of health workers in the management of seriously sick children at a Kenyan tertiary hospital: before and after a training intervention
Irimu, G. W. Gathara, D. Zurovac, D. Kihara, et al.
PLoS One. 2012; 7:e39964
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2011
Quality of hospital care for sick newborns and severely malnourished children in Kenya: a two-year descriptive study in 8 hospitals
Gathara, D. Opiyo, N. Wagai, J. Ntoburi, et al.
BMC Health Serv Res. 2011; 11:307