A complete list of publications by Dr. Sam Akech. Use the filters to refine by year, journal or keyword.

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1. 2026
   Impact of introducing RTS,S/AS01(E) malaria vaccine on mortality in young children in Ghana, Kenya, and Malawi: an observational evaluation of a cluster-randomised implementation programme

   Mwapasa, V. Asante, K. P. Milligan, P. Akech, et al.

   Lancet. 2026; 407:1796-1808

   View abstract DOI PubMed
2. 2026
   Gender equality and equity in intensive care: an international Delphi consensus study

   Myatra, S. N. Nasa, P. Chanchalani, G. P. Zimmerman, et al.

   Intensive Care Med. 2026; 52:1035-1050

   View abstract DOI PubMed
3. 2025
   Paediatric anaemia in rural Kenya and the role of travel time to emergency care services

   Musau, M. M. Khazenzi, C. Akech, S. Omondi, et al.

   Front Epidemiol. 2025; 5:1578522

   View abstract DOI PubMed
4. 2025
   A Pragmatic Trial of Glucocorticoids for Community-Acquired Pneumonia

   Lucinde, R. K. Gathuri, H. Mwaniki, P. Orindi, et al.

   N Engl J Med. 2025; 393:2187-2197

   View abstract DOI PubMed
5. 2022
   A pragmatic randomized controlled trial of standard care versus corticosteroids plus standard care for treatment of pneumonia in adults admitted to Kenyan hospitals (SONIA)

   Lucinde, R. Abdi, A. Orindi, B. Mwakio, et al.

   Wellcome Open Res. 2022; 7:269

   View abstract DOI PubMed
6. 2022
   Examining the impact of implementing routine rotavirus vaccination on the number of paediatric admissions due to diarrhoea and dehydration in Kenyan hospitals: A study using interrupted time series analysis

   Chelangat, D. Malla, L. Langat, R. C. Akech, et al.

   Wellcome Open Res. 2022; 7:2

   View abstract DOI PubMed
7. 2025
   Effects of health system limitations on the use of blood culture and sensitivity testing in Kenyan county hospitals: an interview-based qualitative study using causal loop diagrams

   Bahati, F. Mutua, E. Akech, S. English, et al.

   Lancet Microbe. 2025; 6:100945

   View abstract DOI PubMed
8. 2025
   Repeatability of RRate measurements in children during triage in two Ugandan hospitals

   Asdo, A. Mawji, A. Omara, I. Aye Ishebukara, et al.

   PLOS Glob Public Health. 2025; 5:e0003097

   View abstract DOI PubMed
9. 2025
   Implementation of Smart Triage combined with a quality improvement program for children presenting to facilities in Kenya and Uganda: An interrupted time series analysis

   Ansermino, J. M. Pillay, Y. Tagoola, A. Zhang, et al.

   PLOS Digit Health. 2025; 4:e0000466

   View abstract DOI PubMed
10. 2024
    Geographical validation of the Smart Triage Model by age group

    Zhang, C. Wiens, M. O. Dunsmuir, D. Pillay, et al.

    PLOS Digit Health. 2024; 3:e0000311

    View abstract DOI PubMed
11. 2024
    International Consensus Criteria for Pediatric Sepsis and Septic Shock

    Schlapbach, L. J. Watson, R. S. Sorce, L. R. Argent, et al.

    JAMA. 2024; 331:665-674

    View abstract DOI PubMed
12. 2024
    Evaluation of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine for the prevention of COVID-19 (COPCOV): A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

    Schilling, W. H. K. Mukaka, M. Callery, J. J. Llewelyn, et al.

    PLoS Med. 2024; 21:e1004428

    View abstract DOI PubMed
13. 2024
    Development and Validation of the Phoenix Criteria for Pediatric Sepsis and Septic Shock

    Sanchez-Pinto, L. N. Bennett, T. D. DeWitt, P. E. Russell, et al.

    JAMA. 2024; 331:675-686

    View abstract DOI PubMed
14. 2024
    Prospective clinical surveillance for severe acute respiratory illness and COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in Kenyan hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic

    Lucinde, R. K. Gathuri, H. Isaaka, L. Ogero, et al.

    BMC Infect Dis. 2024; 24:1246

    View abstract DOI PubMed
15. 2024
    External validation of a paediatric Smart triage model for use in resource limited facilities

    Kigo, J. Kamau, S. Mawji, A. Mwaniki, et al.

    PLOS Digit Health. 2024; 3:e0000293

    View abstract DOI PubMed
16. 2024
    Comparison between the Smart Triage model and the Emergency Triage Assessment and Treatment guidelines in triaging children presenting to the emergency departments of two public hospitals in Kenya

    Kamau, S. Kigo, J. Mwaniki, P. Dunsmuir, et al.

    PLOS Digit Health. 2024; 3:e0000408

    View abstract DOI PubMed
17. 2024
    Severe outcomes of malaria in children under time-varying exposure

    De Salazar, P. M. Kamau, A. Cavelan, A. Akech, et al.

    Nat Commun. 2024; 15:4069

    View abstract DOI PubMed
18. 2024
    Feasibility, safety, and impact of the RTS,S/AS01(E) malaria vaccine when implemented through national immunisation programmes: evaluation of cluster-randomised introduction of the vaccine in Ghana, Kenya, and Malawi

    Asante, K. P. Mathanga, D. P. Milligan, P. Akech, et al.

    Lancet. 2024; 403:1660-1670

    View abstract DOI PubMed
19. 2023
    Recalibrating prognostic models to improve predictions of in-hospital child mortality in resource-limited settings

    Ogero, M. Ndiritu, J. Sarguta, R. Tuti, et al.

    Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2023; 37:313-321

    View abstract DOI PubMed
20. 2023
    Pediatric prognostic models predicting inhospital child mortality in resource-limited settings: An external validation study

    Ogero, M. Ndiritu, J. Sarguta, R. Tuti, et al.

    Health Sci Rep. 2023; 6:e1433

    View abstract DOI PubMed
21. 2023
    Verbal Autopsy to Assess Postdischarge Mortality in Children With Suspected Sepsis in Uganda

    Knappett, M. Hooft, A. Maqsood, M. B. Lavoie, et al.

    Pediatrics. 2023; 152

    View abstract DOI PubMed
22. 2023
    Tackling post-discharge mortality in children living in LMICs to reduce child deaths

    Akech, S. Kwambai, T. Wiens, M. O. Chandna, et al.

    Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2023; 7:149-151

    View abstract DOI PubMed
23. 2022
    Criteria for Pediatric Sepsis-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by the Pediatric Sepsis Definition Taskforce

    Menon, K. Schlapbach, L. J. Akech, S. Argent, et al.

    Crit Care Med. 2022; 50:21-36

    View abstract DOI PubMed
24. 2022
    Malaria hospitalisation in East Africa: age, phenotype and transmission intensity

    Kamau, A. Paton, R. S. Akech, S. Mpimbaza, et al.

    BMC Med. 2022; 20:28

    View abstract DOI PubMed
25. 2022
    The CINAMR (Clinical Information Network-Antimicrobial Resistance) Project: A pilot microbial surveillance using hospitals linked to regional laboratories in Kenya: Study Protocol

    Akech, S. Nyamwaya, B. Gachoki, J. Ogero, et al.

    Wellcome Open Res. 2022; 7:256

    View abstract DOI PubMed
26. 2021
    Pulse oximetry adoption and oxygen orders at paediatric admission over 7 years in Kenya: a multihospital retrospective cohort study

    Tuti, T. Aluvaala, J. Akech, S. Agweyu, et al.

    BMJ Open. 2021; 11:e050995

    View abstract DOI PubMed
27. 2021
    Malaria infection and severe disease risks in Africa

    Paton, R. S. Kamau, A. Akech, S. Agweyu, et al.

    Science. 2021; 373:926-931

    View abstract DOI PubMed
28. 2021
    Prevalence and fluid management of dehydration in children without diarrhoea admitted to Kenyan hospitals: a multisite observational study

    Omoke, S. English, M. Aluvaala, J. Gathara, et al.

    BMJ Open. 2021; 11:e042079

    View abstract DOI PubMed
29. 2021
    Using self-supervised feature learning to improve the use of pulse oximeter signals to predict paediatric hospitalization

    Mwaniki, P. Kamanu, T. Akech, S. Dunsmuir, et al.

    Wellcome Open Res. 2021; 6:248

    View abstract DOI PubMed
30. 2021
    Surveillance strategies using routine microbiology for antimicrobial resistance in low- and middle-income countries

    Lim, C. Ashley, E. A. Hamers, R. L. Turner, et al.

    Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021; 27:1391-1399

    View abstract DOI PubMed
31. 2021
    Neonatal mortality in Kenyan hospitals: a multisite, retrospective, cohort study

    Irimu, G. Aluvaala, J. Malla, L. Omoke, et al.

    BMJ Glob Health. 2021; 6

    View abstract DOI PubMed
32. 2021
    A bibliometric analysis of COVID-19 research in Africa

    Guleid, F. H. Oyando, R. Kabia, E. Mumbi, et al.

    BMJ Glob Health. 2021; 6

    View abstract DOI PubMed
33. 2021
    Employing learning health system principles to advance research on severe neonatal and paediatric illness in Kenya

    English, M. Irimu, G. Akech, S. Aluvaala, et al.

    BMJ Glob Health. 2021; 6

    View abstract DOI PubMed
34. 2021
    Examining unit costs for COVID-19 case management in Kenya

    Barasa, E. Kairu, A. Ng'ang'a, W. Maritim, et al.

    BMJ Glob Health. 2021; 6

    View abstract DOI PubMed
35. 2020
    Is the effect of COVID-19 on children underestimated in low- and middle- income countries?

    Simba, J. Sinha, I. Mburugu, P. Agweyu, et al.

    Acta Paediatr. 2020; 109:1930-1931

    View abstract DOI PubMed
36. 2020
    Prognostic models for predicting in-hospital paediatric mortality in resource-limited countries: a systematic review

    Ogero, M. Sarguta, R. J. Malla, L. Aluvaala, et al.

    BMJ Open. 2020; 10:e035045

    View abstract DOI PubMed
37. 2020
    Methodological rigor of prognostic models for predicting in-hospital paediatric mortality in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol

    Ogero, M. Sarguta, R. Malla, L. Aluvaala, et al.

    Wellcome Open Res. 2020; 5:106

    View abstract DOI PubMed
38. 2020
    Examining which clinicians provide admission hospital care in a high mortality setting and their adherence to guidelines: an observational study in 13 hospitals

    Ogero, M. Akech, S. Malla, L. Agweyu, et al.

    Arch Dis Child. 2020; 105:648-654

    View abstract DOI PubMed
39. 2020
    Pediatric Sepsis Definition-A Systematic Review Protocol by the Pediatric Sepsis Definition Taskforce

    Menon, K. Schlapbach, L. J. Akech, S. Argent, et al.

    Crit Care Explor. 2020; 2:e0123

    View abstract DOI PubMed
40. 2020
    The Clinical Profile of Severe Pediatric Malaria in an Area Targeted for Routine RTS,S/AS01 Malaria Vaccination in Western Kenya

    Akech, S. Chepkirui, M. Ogero, M. Agweyu, et al.

    Clin Infect Dis. 2020; 71:372-380

    View abstract DOI PubMed
41. 2020
    Protecting children in low-income and middle-income countries from COVID-19

    Ahmed, S. Mvalo, T. Akech, S. Agweyu, et al.

    BMJ Glob Health. 2020; 5

    View abstract DOI PubMed
42. 2019
    Derivation and internal validation of a data-driven prediction model to guide frontline health workers in triaging children under-five in Nairobi, Kenya

    Mawji, A. Akech, S. Mwaniki, P. Dunsmuir, et al.

    Wellcome Open Res. 2019; 4:121

    View abstract DOI PubMed
43. 2019
    Examining the effectiveness of zinc treatment in children admitted with diarrhoea in Kenya's public hospitals: an observational comparative effectiveness study

    Malla, L. Perera-Salazar, R. Akech, S. Ogero, et al.

    J Glob Health. 2019; 9:020416

    View abstract DOI PubMed
44. 2019
    Risk factors for death among children aged 5-14 years hospitalised with pneumonia: a retrospective cohort study in Kenya

    Macpherson, L. Ogero, M. Akech, S. Aluvaala, et al.

    BMJ Glob Health. 2019; 4:e001715

    View abstract DOI PubMed
45. 2019
    Determining predictors of sepsis at triage among children under 5 years of age in resource-limited settings: A modified Delphi process

    Fung, J. S. T. Akech, S. Kissoon, N. Wiens, et al.

    PLoS One. 2019; 14:e0211274

    View abstract DOI PubMed
46. 2019
    Assessment of Myocardial Function in Kenyan Children With Severe, Acute Malnutrition: The Cardiac Physiology in Malnutrition (CAPMAL) Study

    Brent, B. Obonyo, N. Akech, S. Shebbe, et al.

    JAMA Netw Open. 2019; 2:e191054

    View abstract DOI PubMed
47. 2019
    Effect of enhancing audit and feedback on uptake of childhood pneumonia treatment policy in hospitals that are part of a clinical network: a cluster randomized trial

    Ayieko, P. Irimu, G. Ogero, M. Mwaniki, et al.

    Implement Sci. 2019; 14:20

    View abstract DOI PubMed
48. 2019
    Magnitude and pattern of improvement in processes of care for hospitalised children with diarrhoea and dehydration in Kenyan hospitals participating in a clinical network

    Akech, S. Ayieko, P. Irimu, G. Stepniewska, et al.

    Trop Med Int Health. 2019; 24:73-80

    View abstract DOI PubMed
49. 2018
    Tackling health professionals' strikes: an essential part of health system strengthening in Kenya

    Irimu, G. Ogero, M. Mbevi, G. Kariuki, et al.

    BMJ Glob Health. 2018; 3:e001136

    View abstract DOI PubMed
50. 2018
    Approaching quality improvement at scale: a learning health system approach in Kenya

    Irimu, G. Ogero, M. Mbevi, G. Agweyu, et al.

    Arch Dis Child. 2018; 103:1013-1019

    View abstract DOI PubMed
51. 2018
    Prevalence, outcome and quality of care among children hospitalized with severe acute malnutrition in Kenyan hospitals: A multi-site observational study

    Gachau, S. Irimu, G. Ayieko, P. Akech, et al.

    PLoS One. 2018; 13:e0197607

    View abstract DOI PubMed
52. 2018
    The Prevalence and Management of Dehydration amongst Neonatal Admissions to General Paediatric Wards in Kenya-A Clinical Audit

    Akech, S. Rotich, B. Chepkirui, M. Ayieko, et al.

    J Trop Pediatr. 2018; 64:516-522

    View abstract DOI PubMed
53. 2018
    Risk factors for mortality and effect of correct fluid prescription in children with diarrhoea and dehydration without severe acute malnutrition admitted to Kenyan hospitals: an observational, association study

    Akech, S. Ayieko, P. Gathara, D. Agweyu, et al.

    Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2018; 2:516-524

    View abstract DOI PubMed
54. 2017
    High Frequency of Blackwater Fever Among Children Presenting to Hospital With Severe Febrile Illnesses in Eastern Uganda

    Olupot-Olupot, P. Engoru, C. Uyoga, S. Muhindo, et al.

    Clin Infect Dis. 2017; 64:939-946

    View abstract DOI PubMed
55. 2017
    Inappropriate prescription of cough remedies among children hospitalised with respiratory illness over the period 2002-2015 in Kenya

    Maina, M. Akech, S. Mwaniki, P. Gachau, et al.

    Trop Med Int Health. 2017; 22:363-369

    View abstract DOI PubMed
56. 2017
    Does audit and feedback improve the adoption of recommended practices? Evidence from a longitudinal observational study of an emerging clinical network in Kenya

    Gachau, S. Ayieko, P. Gathara, D. Mwaniki, et al.

    BMJ Glob Health. 2017; 2:e000468

    View abstract DOI PubMed
57. 2016
    Prevalence, aetiology, treatment and outcomes of shock in children admitted to Kenyan hospitals

    Mbevi, G. Ayieko, P. Irimu, G. Akech, et al.

    BMC Med. 2016; 14:184

    View abstract DOI PubMed
58. 2013
    Endotoxaemia is common in children with Plasmodium falciparum malaria

    Olupot-Olupot, P. Urban, B. C. Jemutai, J. Nteziyaremye, et al.

    BMC Infect Dis. 2013; 13:117

    View abstract DOI PubMed
59. 2011
    Mortality after fluid bolus in African children with sepsis

    Maitland, K Akech, S. Russell, B.

    New England Journal of Medicine.. 2011; 365:1351-1353

    View abstract
60. 2010
    Changing trends in blood transfusion in children and neonates admitted in Kilifi District Hospital, Kenya

    Pedro, R. Akech, S. Fegan, G. Maitland, et al.

    Malar J. 2010; 9:307

    View abstract DOI PubMed
61. 2010
    Hypoglycaemia in severe malaria, clinical associations and relationship to quinine dosage

    Ogetii, G. N. Akech, S. Jemutai, J. Boga, et al.

    BMC Infect Dis. 2010; 10:334

    View abstract DOI PubMed
62. 2010
    Choice of fluids for resuscitation in children with severe infection and shock: systematic review

    Akech, S. Ledermann, H. Maitland, K.

    BMJ. 2010; 341:c4416

    View abstract DOI PubMed
63. 2008
    Accidental paraffin poisoning in Kenyan children

    Lang, T. Thuo, N. Akech, S.

    Trop Med Int Health. 2008; 13:845-7

    View abstract DOI PubMed
64. 2007
    Phase III trials required to resolve clinical equipoise over optimal fluid management in children with severe malaria

    Maitland, K. Akech, S. Gwer, S. Idro, et al.

    PLoS Clin Trials. 2007; 2:e2

    View abstract DOI PubMed
65. 2006
    Volume expansion with albumin compared to gelofusine in children with severe malaria: results of a controlled trial

    Akech, S. Gwer, S. Idro, R. Fegan, et al.

    PLoS Clin Trials. 2006; 1:e21

    View abstract DOI PubMed